Atrial fibrillation and flutter

  

Atrial Flutter

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Atrial Flutter  

Atrial flutter is a tachyarrhythmia arising above the AV node with an atrial rate of 250-350 bpm
Atrial flutter is due to a large reentrant circuit confined to the right atrium in over 85% of cases
Negative sawtooth flutter waves in leads II, III, and AVF. AV conduction most commonly is 2:1, which yields a ventricular rate of approximately 150 bpm
Commonly is observed in patients with ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, pulmonary embolus, toxic ingestion (eg, alcohol), or chest trauma
 

Atrial Flutter with 2:1 Conduction

  

 

  

 

Atrial Fibrillation

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Atrial Fibrillation

 

Arrhythmia arising from chaotic atrial depolarization
The atria contract irregularly and very rapidly producing variable R-R intervals.
An irregular rhythm with fibrillatory atrial activity. No regular P waves are identifiable and the baseline is undulating. The ventricular response may be slow (<60), normal (60-100), or rapid (>100). The ventricular rate may be 170 bpm or higher
AF is an extremely common rhythm associated with rheumatic heart disease, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, pericarditis, thyrotoxicosis, alcohol intoxication, mitral valve prolapse, and digitalis toxicity
   
   
   
   
   

Atrial Fibrillation with moderate ventricular response

 

 

  

Atrial Fibrillation with rapid ventricular response