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Third-degree heart block, also referred to as third-degree atrioventricular
(AV) block or complete heart block, is a disorder of the cardiac conduction
system with complete absence of AV conduction. No P waves conduct to the
ventricle, and AV dissociation is complete.
Establish secure large-bore intravenous access.
Withhold AV nodal agents and deliver anti-ischemic therapy where appropriate.
Apply and test transcutaneous pacing patches for all patients with third-degree
heart block.
Hemodynamically stable patients in whom pacing can be
established transcutaneously can be admitted to a telemetry unit.
They may undergo elective placement of a permanent pacemaker at the discretion
of the cardiologist.
Symptomatic patients and those in whom transcutaneous pacing is tested
unsuccessfully should have urgent cardiac consultation for the placement
of a temporary transvenous pacing wire.
Hemodynamically unstable patients may be treated with atropine,
although this will be ineffective in patients with a wide complex escape
rhythm. Use caution in administering atropine in the setting of a suspected
acute MI, as the resulting vagolysis leads to unopposed sympathetic stimulation,
causing increased ventricular irritability and, potentially, ventricular
tachycardia (VT)/ventricular fibrillation (VF).
Hemodynamically unstable patients for whom timely cardiology consultation
is unavailable should undergo temporary transvenous pacemaker insertion
in the ED by the ED physician.
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